Learn Fresh Everything: Electronics Components

Showing posts with label Electronics Components. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Making Of PCB boards -2

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:58 AM Labels: ECE, Electronics Components, How to Make 0 comments

CROCODILE TECHNOLOGY TO Make REAL PCB

	Once a circuit has been designed and simulated / tested in Crocodile Technology and any necessary alterations made, the completed circuit is ready for export to ‘real PCB’®. Both Crocodile Technology and Real PCB software must be running at the same time for this to be possible. (Please note: the uptodated version of Crocodile Technology is called Yenka Electronics. This allows the design and conversion of circuits to PCB, in an integrated environment) Circuit Wizard is a very good alternative piece of software that allows the design of circuits and conversion to PCB. The conversion to PCB layout can be achieved through a menu in Crocodile Technology. Real PCB converts the circuit diagram effortlessly to PCB layout and usually with 100% accuracy. Real PCB can also be used to construct a circuit as a PCB layout, from scratch, by selecting components from a series of menus and drawing the tracks connecting them. It can be used by both beginners and experts to produce accurate PCBs. Quality checks can be carried out automatically and the software will also produce a bill for the components used on any PCB. The ‘Pour Copper’ menu changes the final PCB by only removing enough copper so that the tracks can be seen. This means that only the necessary copper is removed to ensure the final circuit works. This extends the life of etchant used in the etchant tank.



Two more ways of presenting the PCB are shown below. The 'artwork' layout is the most likely to be printed out on a transparency, ready for conversion to PCB. The real life layout style shows the PCB with its components. This is useful when arranging the components on the PCB, as the position of each can be check against a real life printed.

When the PCB layout is finished it is printed on a transparency and becomes known as a PCB mask. The PCB mask is transferred to the UV box, which is the next stage in the manufacture of a printed circuit board.




Advantages of using circuit and PCB software: 1. Circuits can be simulated on screen without the need to build a circuit on a breadboard with real components. 2. Errors can be corrected and alterations made to the circuit by simply replacing components from menus. 3. No soldering is needed, simply move components with a mouse. 4. Using simulation software is safer than soldering with hot soldering irons and avoids dangerous fumes being produced whilst soldering. 5. Once a PCB has been designed it can be printed onto transparencies repeatedly, all to the same high quality. 6. PCB layout software is more accurate than drawing a circuit by hand.

CLICK HERE FOR NEXT PCB PAGE

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Parallel Circuits n Working with examples

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:31 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Parallel Circuits given in simple easy to understand format,if u have any other questions ask me via comment,r mail.

The circuit below shows three bulbs placed in parallel. This is a parallel circuit. Current can flow through each of the bulbs without first having to flow through any others. If any of the bulbs fail the others will still work as current can still flow through the rest of the circuit.

ANOTHER PARALLEL CIRCUIT

The circuit below is another example of a parallel circuit. When the switch is turned on current flows through the bulb, solenoid and motor simultaneously. This causes the bulb to light, the solenoid to the activated and the motors spindle to rotate, all at the same time.

PICTORIAL DRAWING OF THE SAME PARALLEL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Crocodile Technology © software is very useful when simulating this type of circuit diagram.

Also see how Series Circuits works

QUESTIONS:
1. Draw a simple parallel circuit and explain how it works.
2. Draw the same components but this time arranged as a ‘series’ circuit. How do the two circuits differ?
3. What will happen if one of the components fails in a parallel circuit?

Can u answer for those questions? else reply via comments.

Do you have any query or doubts,want to know that PLEASE ask it or leave your ideas at comment..or Just mail me:

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Friends,If you find anything incorrect here,PLEASE just inform me,to rectifies it !!!!!!!

Series Circuits and How it works with examples

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:27 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Series Circuits and its working in simple easy to understand format.

The circuit opposite shows three bulbs placed in series. This is a called a series circuit. Current flows through each of the bulbs in sequence. Current flows through bulb A, then bulb B and finally bulb C. The more bulbs that are added, the less bright they shine. It is possible to added so many bulbs that they do not light at all. This is due to the resistance in each bulb. If any of the bulbs fail, current cannot flow through the circuit and the other components will not work.

ANOTHER SERIES CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The circuit (right and left) is another example of a series circuit. When the switch is turned on current flows through the bulb first, then the solenoid and last the motor. This causes the bulb to light, the solenoid to be activated and the motor’s spindle to rotate. However, the more components that are added in series means the less current is available for all. Eventually, each component will fail to work as too much current is being drained from the circuit.

How Incandescent Lamps works in gif-1

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:23 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Bulbs have been used in electronics for along time and they are used in a wide range of circuits. Almost everyone has used a torch and if you look closely at the light source, it is more than likely that it is a bulb. In more recent years bulbs have been slowly replaced by LEDs as these are brighter, much more reliable, cheaper, energy efficient and have a much longer working life. They are also available in a range of colours. However, bulbs are still popular.

Look closely at a typical torch bulb. It basically consists of glass ‘bulb’, inside which is a filament made from a metal called tungsten. The glass bulb holds a gas called Argon or Nitrogen or Krypton, which increases the working life of the filament.

When current passes through the filament it illuminates brightly, giving out bright light.

Some bulbs such as the example opposite have a screw thread which means the bulb can be unscrewed from its holder and replaced, once the filament fails.

The ‘conductor’ at the bottom of this example bulb carries the current, allowing it to pass through the filament.

A number of symbols can be used to represent a bulb. Three typical symbols are shown opposite. These are often seen in examinations and consequently it is important to know them.

Two versions of the same circuit are shown below. The conventional circuit diagram (on the left) shows the filament bulb lighting brightly when the switch is turned on. The current flows through the filament, causing light to be emitted.
In the pictorial circuit diagram on the right the components are shown as pictures rather than symbols.

This basic circuit has a battery as the electrical ‘source’ and a filament bulb. The bulb is called the ‘load’ as it does all the work in the circuit (ie. it lights).

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Switches and its working in gif-3

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:20 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Some common switches are shown on this information sheet. Basically switches bring contacts together in different ways but they do the same switching job.

Typical Switch Symbols

MICRO-SWITCH

Micro-switches can be very small. Usually they include a small arm which when pressed clicks. They are very useful and can be found on many machines - used a safety switches. For example, if the 'lid' of a drilling machine is opened to change the pulley speeds, a micro-switch is released ensuring that all power is turned off. These switches can be very useful in school projects

TILT SWITCH

One of the most common types of tilt switch uses a ‘blob’ of mercury in a small tube. When the tube is tilted the mercury runs down and forms a bridge across the two contacts turning the switch on. This type of switch is used in warning systems that alert people to an excessive angle of tilt, e.g. for drivers of farm vehicles.

PRESSURE PAD / SWITCH

This is a soft flexible switch available in many sizes. It consists of two flexible conductive foil sheets separated by a thin felt, paper or foam layer. If pressure is applied the conductive surfaces touch and the switch is ‘on’

Switches and its working in gif-2

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:18 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Some common switches are shown on this information sheet. Basically switches bring contacts together in different ways but they do the same switching job.

Typical Switch Symbols

TOGGLE SWITCH

These are available in miniature and standard sizes. The advantage of the toggle switch is that they can be extended and operated by a lever.

SLIDE SWITCH

Can be stiff to operate and does not operate smoothly. Available in a range of sizes.

REED / MAGNETIC SWITCH

This is a thin glass tube that contains two thin strips of metal (the reeds). When a magnet is brought close to the glass tube, the reeds move together and make contact and the switch is turned on. The reeds open again when the magnet is removed. Reed switches are common in alarm systems, for example, in door frames. When the door is closed the magnet keeps the switch on. When the door is opened the alarm system senses the broken contact and goes off.

The top animation shows the reed switch with its glass 'surrounding' tube. The animation below shows the reed switch with the glass removed so that the two metal strips can be seen.

Switches and its working with its image

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:15 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components 0 comments

SWITCHES - 1

Some common switches are shown on this information sheet. Basically switches bring contacts together in different ways but they do the same switching job.

Typical Switch Symbols


KEY SWITCH
	This switch is available in different forms. They provide limited security as a key is required to ‘switch’ them on and off.



PUSH SWITCH
	These can be ‘push to make’ (push the switch to allow the circuit to work) or ‘push to break’ (push the switch to turn off the circuit).
ROCKER SWITCH
	This switch is common on many electrical devices. For example they are found on computer units for turning them on and off.

Know How Battery and led working

Posted by Mani.Ece at 6:09 AM Labels: Diodes, Electronics Components, How it Works 0 comments

Many pupils are scared of electronics as they look at the books in the library. These are often very complex as very few have been written for beginners. This can put off people from learning about electronics and circuits. Everywhere we look there are examples of electronics, ranging from a simple radio to a hi-tech digital television. However complex looking an electronic device may be, they are all based on simple components gathered together in circuits.

Batteries come in all shapes and sizes. They store electrical charge and as we all know when they are put into an electronic device such as a portable radio, they provide the power. The usual battery sizes are seen opposite. These are the type used in school projects and range from 1.5 volts to 9 volts.
School projects are powered by batteries because they are safe, easily bought and safe.

QUESTION

This shows one of the most simple circuits. When the switch is pressed, the LED (further information below) lights. Resistors are used in circuits because LEDs can be destroyed by voltages over 3 volts. Why do you think the circuit opposite does not have a resistor to protect the LED ?

ANSWER

Each battery is 1.5 volts. The two batteries are connected in ‘series’, they are both linked positive to negative and this gives us a total of 3 volts. Therefore, the LED is safe from damage.

THE LED

Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are very rugged, they last a very long time and they are an optical source. (A LIGHT SOURCE)
LEDs produce red, green, yellow, or orange light. They are used in a range of products. Can you name any ?
Infrared LEDs are also available although light from this type cannot be seen by the human eye. These are used in security devices.
LEDs are part of the diode family, consequently they must be connected the right way round or current will not pass through. They are usually protected by a resistor. (See DIODE information sheet).

A SELECTION OF THE MOST POPULAR COLOURS

ENLARGED LED - NOTICE THE LONG AND SHORT LEG

Also Know How Swiches Works

Do you have any query or doubts,want to know that PLEASE ask it or leave your ideas at comment..or Just mail me:

MAil Me Your Query or Comments::

Friends,If you find anything incorrect here,PLEASE just inform me,to rectifies it !!!!!!!

Electronics Components and Symbols-3

Posted by Mani.Ece at 5:56 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components 0 comments

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND SYMBOLS - 3

There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components. It is important that you can recognise the more common components and understand what they actually do. A number of these components are drawn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component. (Check all your information sheets in the electronics section for more symbols).

Electronics Components and its symbols-2

Posted by Mani.Ece at 5:54 AM Labels: Basics, Electronics Components 0 comments

There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components. It is important that you can recognise the more common components and understand what they actually do. A number of these components are drawn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component. (Check all your information sheets in the electronics section for more symbols).